CAT Question of the Day #2

Question of the Day August 8th, 2009

The questions below contains a paragraph followed by alternative summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the paragraph.

Human beings and chimpanzees are closely related genetically, but because of historic differences in environment, the behaviour of humans is, in many ways, more like that of wolves, which experience many problems similar to those of ancient man. Such convergences and divergences are commonplace in biological evolution. Convergence occurs when unrelated animals independently evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions- e.g., the similar body shapes of porpoises and sharks; the similar social behaviour of wolves and humans. Divergence occurs when closely related species are adapted to different conditions, with a resultant difference in behaviour and structure. This is the usual type of response; sometimes, however, divergence is extreme enough to obscure a close relationship. The males of many species of closely related hummingbirds, birds of paradise, pheasants, and ducks, for example, are superficially so different from one another that many of these species were formerly assigned to different genera.

OPTIONS

	1)	In evolution the convergence of structure and biology occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions and divergence occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions.
	2)	In evolution the divergence of animal behaviour and biology occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions and convergence occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions.
	3)	In evolution the convergence of animal behaviour and biology occurs when related animals evolve dissimilar responses to dissimilar environmental conditions and divergence occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions.
	4)	In evolution the convergence of animal behaviour and biology occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to dissimilar environmental conditions and divergence occurs when related animals evolve dissimilar responses to similar environmental conditions.
	5)	In evolution the convergence of behaviour and biology occurs when unrelated animals evolve similar responses to similar environmental conditions and divergence occurs when related animals evolve dissimilar responses to dissimilar environmental conditions.

The solution for the Previous Question is :

Tomatoes are beneficial to health because they contain lycopene. Based on this assumption scientists have engineered a variety that contains more lycopene. The assumption is that when one consumes lycopene it is beneficial to health. Hence if a tomato contains more lycopene it is better.

Option 2 is not assumed by the scientists - their efforts are to make lycopene easily available.

Option 3 is also not assumed because we cannot say (there is no data) that the scientists chose tomatoes for this reason. For the same reason options 4 and 5 are also eliminated.

Hence, the correct answer is option 1.